Heating capacity of different types of fuel.

Fuel heating capacity

(Pic. 14.1 Fuel heating capacity)

Pay attention to the heating capacity (low heating value) of different types of fuel and compare the figures. Fuel heating capacity characterizes the quantity of warmth, generated after complete fuel combustion with total weight of 1 kg or with total volume of 1 m³ (1 L). More often heating capacity is measured in J/kg (J/ m³, J/L). The higher fuel’s low heating value, the less its delivery rate. That is why the heating capacity is one of the most important fuel characteristics.

Low heating value of each fuel depends on the following factors:

  • Its fuel agents (carbon, hydrogen, volatile combustible sulfur, ext.);
  • Its humidity and ash content.



Table 4 - Low heating value of different energy sources, benchmarking study of their rates.
Energy sourceHeating capacityAgent apparent density
(
ρ=m/V)
Hard coal equivalent priceEfficiency coefficient of  heating system, %Price for
1
kWh
Systems
MJkWh
(1MJ=0.278kWh)
Electricity-1,0 kWh-3,70r. per kWh98%3,78r.Heating, hot water supply, горячее водоснабжение , air conditioning, cooking.
Methane
(CH4, boiling temperature: -161,6 °C)
39,8 MJ/m³11,1 kWh·h/m³0,72 kg/m³5,20r. per m³94%0,50r.Heating, hot water supply, cooking, standby and current power supply, independent  digestion tanks (canalization),  outdoor  radiant warmers, radiators, outdoor barbecue, fireplaces, saunas, decorative lighting.
Propane
(C3H8, boiling temperature: -42.1 °C)
46,34
MJ/kg
23,63
MJ/L
12,88
kWh/kg
6,57
kWh/L
0,51 kg/L18,00r. per L94%2,91r.Heating, hot water supply, cooking, standby and current power supply, independent digestion tank (canalization) , outdoor radiant warmers, outdoor barbecue, fireplaces, saunas, decorative lighting.
Butane
C4H10, boiling temperature: -0,5 °C)
47,20
MJ/kg
27,38
MJ/L
13,12
kWh/kg
7,61
kWh/L
0,58 kg/L14,00r. per L94%1,96r.Heating, hot water supply, cooking, standby and current power supply, independent digestion tank (canalization) , outdoor radiant warmers, outdoor barbecue, fireplaces, saunas, decorative lighting.
Propane-butane
(LPG – liquefied petroleum gas)
46,8
MJ/kg
25,3
MJ/L
13,0
kWh/kg
7,0
kWh/L
0,54 kg/L16,00r. per L94%2,42r.Heating, hot water supply, cooking, standby and current power supply, independent digestion tank (canalization) , outdoor radiant warmers, outdoor barbecue, fireplaces, saunas, decorative lighting.
Diesel42,7
MJ/kg
11,9
kWh/kg
0,85 k/L30,00r. per kg92%2,75r.Heating (water heating and electricity supply are very unprofitable).
Wood
(
birch, moisture - 12%)
15,0
MJ/kg
4,2
kWh/kg
0,47-0,72 kg/dm³3,00r. per kg90%0,80r.Heating (it’s not convenient cooking and it’s almost impossible to get hot water)
Hardcoal22,0
MJ/kg
6,1
kWh/kg
1200-1500 kg/dm³7,70r. per kg90%1,40r.Heating
МАРР gas (mixture of liquefied petroleum gas - 56% and  methylacetylene-propadiene - 44%)  89,6
MJ/kg
24,9
kWh/m³
0,1137 kg/dm³-r. per m³0% Heating, hot water supply, cooking, standby and current power supply, independent digestion tank (canalization) , outdoor radiant warmers, outdoor barbecue, fireplaces, saunas, decorative lighting.



 

Low heating value

(Pic. 14.2 – Low heating value)

According to the table “Low heating value of different energy sources, benchmarking study of their rates” propane-butane (liquefied petroleum gas) concedes in economic value and perceptivity in use only to natural gas (methane). However, you should pay attention to the tendency of unavoidable increase of main pipeline gas cost, which is considerably undercharged today. Analysts predict inevitable industry reorganization, what will cause a major rise in price of natural gas which probably will exceed the diesel fuel cost. Therefore, the liquefied petroleum gas whose cost will not change too much will be exceptionally future-oriented and become an optimal solution for independent gasification systems.

 

 
 
 
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